The Roots of Global Exploitation and Race Invention

The consideration of world history requires 1 deep view of the intertwining of power, violence and economic upheavals. Historical events are often viewed in isolation, although they are inextricably interwoven. The emergence of the modern global order is closely linked to the conquest of new spaces and the establishment of domination structures. These developments were shapedThe coexistence of people over centuries and created structures whose effects resonate up to the present day.

The semblance of freedom and the reality of conquest

Some thinkers contrast the universal claim of the French Revolution with the violent conquests of the New World. They regard these 2 historical moments as an inseparable unit. At first glance, the proclaimed human rights and the brutal subjugation rituals of the Catholic conquerors seem to be in 1 irreconcilable contradiction. But with more preciseConsideration is not about 1 simple comparison of normative writings. Rather, the imperialist practice that was fueled by both events is highlighted.

The social construction of ethnicity

The civilizational mission of the Iberian faith in the 16th century was seamlessly continued by European colonialism in the 19th century. However, anyone who limits themselves to 1 one-sided criticism of Western colonialism runs the risk of falling into 1 radical dogmatism of a national or religious nature. Therefore, it is imperative to use the historical forms of resistanceand to investigate hostility. The question arises as to what belonging to the indigenous people of America actually means. For people who believe in 1 biological classification by skin color, this question may seem superfluous.

The change of social rank and the line of power

However, Latin American societies cannot be reduced to such simple patterns. The confusion grows when one realizes that the external appearance often does not match social classification. People with light complexion and European facial features are considered native in some regions, while people with purely Spanish ancestors or clearlyindigenous features can be referred to as mixed breeds in general. Even members of the ruling upper class, whose appearance indicates diverse mixtures, are attributed to the white population. The ethnic classification does not correspond to biological descent.

The Invention of the Race and the Purity of the Blood

The situation becomes even more opaque when one considers that 1 individual person can change their social rank in the course of their lives. 1 Merely a change of location, even if it is only temporary, allows the transition from the rank of the indigenous to the hybrid to the hybrid. In reality, the designation as aboriginal is of those most obviousare, almost never used voluntarily. They prefer to describe themselves according to their place of residence or as simple farm workers. If you ask her about her origins, they dodge because this rank means 1 low social level, which everyone tries to escape from.

The inquisitorial power and the exclusion of being different

However, the external environment always pushes them back to this lowest social position. The ethnic assignment is thus firmly embedded in 1 social logic, from which it can no longer be separated after centuries of coexistence and mixing. The limit of skin color was and remains in truth 1 limit of social rank. Whoever accumulates wealth or gives orders,exceeds this limit, regardless of its actual descent. The advent of the concept of race at the turn of the early modern period follows 1 social thread.

The Mechanisms of Exclusion and its Historical Precursors

The nobility did not immediately think of the breed category. This thought later developed as a defensive reaction when the absolute monarchy began to centralize the state at the expense of the feudal lords and to create 1 new administrative layer of bourgeois origin. In classical Spain, the persecution of the Jews after the reconquest served as a lever for the elevation of theCatholic faith to the state religion. This was directed against the diverse culture and was closely linked to the beginnings of the European national idea. The demand for purity of the blood served 1 double purpose.

Conquest as a distraction from internal conflicts

She delimited 1 inner class of nobility and gave the entire people 1 fictional nobleness. At that moment, when the greatest of all colonial kingdoms was conquered by terror and forced baptisms, class racism was transformed into 1 nationalist racism. The advent of the concept of racialism in the Middle Ages is 1 intricate phenomenon. In France, he was circulated by 1 feudal layerbrought, which wanted to resist the increasing power of the state and the bourgeoisie. In Spain he served 1 theological-political authority, which, after the expulsion of the Jews, strove to monitor every form of otherness.

The structure of labor services and the new world economy

At that time, the racial image still referred strongly to religion, since it allowed the forced convert to suspect insincerity. You have to distinguish between 1 medieval and 1 modern racism. The purity of the blood was not a biological term in the present sense. pure was who came from Catholic families. Already 1 only ancestor convicted by the Inquisitionwas enough to stain the blood and prevent the ascent in offices.

The refeudalization of the periphery in the center’s service

The exercise of this inquisitorial power was the reason for the introduction of these rules, which were based on the feudal concept of lineage. It was about granting the church the power to make nobles by declaring heretics to bastards. This approach gave the entire Spanish people 1 fictional nobility and made it 1 people of gentlemen. towardCenturies of living together with different faiths, the demand for pure blood made it possible to condemn the diverse culture and declare it lawless. Modern racism is the legacy of this institution in that it was primarily aimed at the Jews as hidden internal enemies.

The permanent traces of the global division of labor

The purity of the blood was primarily 1 anti-Semitic social institution directed against the forced-converted Jews. If they were Catholic themselves, but had Jewish parents or grandparents, they were excluded. It is a 1 structure that was later used in the southern states of America to restrict the civil rights of dark-skinned people by referring to thedescent of the 4 grandparents. The National Socialists also used this logic to regard every person as Jewish, among whose 4 grandparents 1 Jew was. By declaring the conversion to the Catholic faith unreliable, the Inquisition introduced the biological race paradigm.

Conquest as a distraction from internal conflicts

As early as the 13th century, Jews were forced to wear 1 circle of yellow fabric, which 8 centuries later cruelly repeated in the National Socialist clothing policy. The conquest of the New World is to be understood as 1 continuation of reconquest. The main aim was always to prevent economic or social problems after 1 solution other thanwar and expansion called. Antagonism was moved and disguised to take on more racial than social forms.

The structure of labor services and the new world economy

The conflict was moved to the outside while 1 police regime was established inside. This is similar to the rule of the Aztec rulers, who, through human sacrifices and the stirring of fear, kept the subjugated peoples from uprisings. The social order used by the conquerors reworked already existing forms of enslavement. The European Colonistswere not content with using native forms of exploitation, but radicalized them. They eliminated the traditional counterweights that had previously guaranteed 1 minimum of wealth and togetherness.

The refeudalization of the periphery in the center’s service

1 form of exploitation was created, whose violence was no longer concealed by traditional meanings. The radicality of colonial exploitation is related to the greed of the conquerors and the unequal balance of power. It is only to be understood if you look at it in the European world economy that is emerging. Who cares too much about the clash of culturesconcentrated, loses sight of social antagonism. The structure of labor services, which organized the forced labor of the indigenous people, had previously served to subdue the population 1 liberated Andalusia.

The permanent traces of the global division of labor

It was 1 brutal structure 1 feudalism, which gave the Supreme Lords full power over possession and persons. However, the crown retained the upper hand and only gave these rights for life in order to prevent the emergence of 1 independent feudal nobility. It wasn’t about land ownership, but about the right to tribute to the local population. the real oneEntrepreneur sat in the west and used the labor power in the East and in the New World for international trade. This form of serfdom was not a return of medieval feudalism, but 1 new form of social organization in the service of trading capital.

The refeudalization of the periphery in the center’s service

On the old continent, the feudal privilege had long suppressed peasants and inhibited productivity, as the gentlemen were only concerned with collecting taxes. From the 11th century onwards, 1 technological and demographic renewal, which loosened the feudal yoke and shifted power from nobility to the bourgeoisie, began. After 1 phase of recession in the 14th century, the feudal wonAbsolutism in the 16th century, however, the upper hand again. This reconquest process was less 1 religious process than 1 social embedded in 1 more comprehensive movement of the refeudalization of rural areas. The so-called 2nd serfdom captured huge spaces in Eastern Europe and threw these regions back to the rank of raw material producers.

The end of the viewing and the classification in the story

This development was the direct opponent 1 trading capital, which took advantage of the situation in the East. The large landowners there acted not as independent feudal lords, but as tools of western capital. They pulled the peasants in front of their carts to increase the amount of marketable grain for international trade. As a final classification,state that the emergence of this global economic order is inextricably linked to the establishment of dominion and exploitation structures. The apparent return of old feudal conditions in the perifair spaces was in fact the precondition for the development of modern trade in the center.

The permanent traces of the global division of labor

These historical processes have significantly shaped the current structure of the world economy and left deep social inequalities. Understanding these connections is essential to understand the current global power relations and the ongoing struggles for social justice and cultural independence. History teaches us that more economicProgress on the 1 page was often bought with the oppression and disenfranchisement on the other side.